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Menu engineering: why a restaurant menu is built the way it is

Stars, plowhorses, puzzles and dogs. How restaurants classify their dishes and what they do with each one (and what's useful to know as a diner).

Daro CastelloBy Daro CastelloOctober 21, 20262 min read
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Una carta de restaurante no es una lista de platos ordenada al azar. Detrás hay números: cuánto cuesta hacer cada plato, cuánto deja y cuántas veces se pide. La herramienta que cruza esos datos se llama ingeniería de menú, y se estudia en cualquier carrera de cocina. Saber cómo funciona te cambia la forma de leer una carta.

Dos preguntas para cada plato

Cruzando las dos respuestas, cada plato cae en una de cuatro categorías:

CategoríaPopularidadRentabilidadEjemplo típico
EstrellaAltaAltaUn pollo bien resuelto
Caballito de batallaAltaBajaLa pasta de la casa
RompecabezasBajaAltaUn lomo con una guarnición especial
PerroBajaBajaUn pescado caro que casi nadie pide

Qué hace un restaurante con cada uno

Lo que el comensal puede leer entre líneas

El costo de un plato

El food cost es el costo de los ingredientes de un plato. Como referencia general, en muchos restaurantes ronda un tercio del precio de venta; el resto tiene que cubrir sueldos, alquiler, servicios, impuestos y, si sale bien, dejar ganancia. Por eso un plato de pastas a veces cuesta casi lo mismo que uno de carne: los ingredientes son una parte de la cuenta, no toda.

Esta es la primera nota de La trastienda, donde vamos a contar cómo funciona una cocina profesional por dentro: costos, compras, brigadas y servicio.

A restaurant menu isn't a list of dishes in random order. Behind it are numbers: how much each dish costs to make, how much it earns and how often it's ordered. The tool that crosses that data is called menu engineering, and it's taught at every culinary school. Knowing how it works changes the way you read a menu.

Two questions for every dish

Crossing the two answers, each dish falls into one of four categories:

CategoryPopularityProfitabilityTypical example
StarHighHighA well-made chicken dish
PlowhorseHighLowThe house pasta
PuzzleLowHighA tenderloin with a special side
DogLowLowAn expensive fish almost nobody orders

What a restaurant does with each

What a diner can read between the lines

The cost of a dish

Food cost is the cost of a dish's ingredients. As a general reference, in many restaurants it's around a third of the menu price; the rest has to cover wages, rent, utilities, taxes and, if all goes well, leave a profit. That's why a pasta dish sometimes costs nearly as much as a meat one: ingredients are part of the bill, not all of it.

This is the first note in Behind the scenes, where we'll show how a professional kitchen works inside: costs, purchasing, brigades and service.

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