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✦ Blog · 🐟 From the sea

How to choose fresh fish (and understand what you're buying)

The signs of freshness, the difference between round and flat fish, lean and oily, and which cooking method suits each one.

Daro CastelloBy Daro CastelloOctober 21, 20262 min read
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En Argentina tenemos uno de los mares más ricos del mundo y comemos muy poco pescado. Parte del problema es la desconfianza: no sabemos elegirlo, no sabemos qué pedir y terminamos siempre en la merluza congelada. Con un par de claves, ir a la pescadería deja de ser una lotería.

Las señales de un pescado fresco

Redondos y planos

Según su forma, los pescados se dividen en dos grandes grupos, y eso define cuántos filetes salen de cada uno:

TipoFiletesEjemplos
Redondos2 filetesMerluza, mero, corvina, pejerrey, surubí, dorado, boga
Planos4 filetesLenguado, raya, rodaballo

Los planos viven en el fondo del mar o del río, tienen carne blanca y muy poca grasa.

Magros, semigrasos y grasos

El contenido de grasa es lo que más importa a la hora de cocinarlo:

TipoGrasaEjemplosCómo cocinarlo
Magros o blancos0 a 2%Merluza, lenguado, abadejo, besugo, brótola, corvina, meroAl vapor, pochados, en papillote, rebozados. Se secan fácil
Semigrasos2 a 5%Trucha, congrio, trilla, cornalitoPlancha, horno, fritos
Grasos o azules5 a 25%Atún, sardina, caballa, pacú, surubí, dorado, merluza negraParrilla, horno, plancha. Aguantan el fuego fuerte

Los cortes que vas a ver

El punto justo

El error más común con el pescado es pasarlo. Está listo cuando la carne cambia de translúcida a opaca y se separa en lascas al presionarla suave. Un filet de merluza de 2 cm tarda apenas unos minutos en la plancha; sacalo un instante antes de lo que creés, porque sigue cocinándose en el plato.

Esta es la primera nota de Del mar. Las próximas: cómo limpiar y filetear un pescado entero, calamares y mariscos.

Argentina has one of the richest seas in the world and we eat very little fish. Part of the problem is distrust: we don't know how to choose it, we don't know what to ask for, and we always end up with frozen hake. With a few keys, the fishmonger stops being a lottery.

Signs of fresh fish

Round and flat

By shape, fish fall into two big groups, and that defines how many fillets each one yields:

TypeFilletsExamples
Round2 filletsHake, grouper, croaker, silverside, surubí, dorado, boga
Flat4 filletsSole, skate, turbot

Flat fish live on the sea or river bed and have white, very lean flesh.

Lean, medium and oily

Fat content is what matters most when cooking:

TypeFatExamplesHow to cook it
Lean or white0 to 2%Hake, sole, pollock, sea bream, croaker, grouperSteamed, poached, en papillote, battered. They dry out easily
Medium2 to 5%Trout, conger, red mullet, smeltGriddle, oven, fried
Oily or blue5 to 25%Tuna, sardine, mackerel, pacú, surubí, dorado, toothfishGrill, oven, griddle. They can take high heat

Cuts you'll see

Just right

The most common mistake with fish is overcooking. It's done when the flesh turns from translucent to opaque and flakes when pressed gently. A 2 cm hake fillet takes just a few minutes on the griddle; take it off a moment before you think, because it keeps cooking on the plate.

This is the first note in From the sea. Coming next: how to clean and fillet a whole fish, squid and shellfish.

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Reference photo: Tapan Kumar Choudhury · Unsplash

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